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There
are eight basic forms of bowing which are; hapchang, standing bow,
half standing bow, sitting bow, full prostration, half prostration,
three prostrations and 108 prostrations. In the following section
the use and form of each of these types of bows will be discussed.
Bowing
practice or prostrations are an effective means of processing our
life's karma. Bowing helps us truly understand the Zen aspiration of
"how may I help you" in a very real and
physical sense. Performing 108 prostrations every morning helps us
to balance the scales of our ongoing accumulated karma; however, if
our accumulated karma begins to weigh heavily on us, then
prostrations can be used as an 'emergency measure' for clearing the
mind. They are a very powerful technique for seeing the karma of a
situation because both the mind and the body are involved. Something
that might take days of sitting to process may be digested in a much
shorter time with prostrations. The usual practice here is to do
1080 bows a day. This can be done all at once or as is usually the
case, spread out through the day.
Here is a suggested schedule for 1080 bows:
1 set for morning bows
2 sets
before breakfast
2 sets at lunch time
2 sets mid-afternoon
1 set before evening practice
2 sets after evening practice
Hapchang means "palms together" and is performed by placing the
palms of hands together in front of body, with the fingers together
and pointing upward at chest height. The arms are relaxed with the
elbows pointing down. Hapchang is used during every kind of bow that
follows. Performing hapchang without a bow can signal a request to
be hit with the stick during sitting meditation, or during the
formal meals, hapchang means "no, thank you." It is also used when
standing during sitting periods and by the person collecting water
at the end of a formal meal.
The
standing bow is performed while standing erect with hands held in
hapchang, then bending the body from the waist 90° forward while
dropping the hands (still together) to the knees, and then returning
to standing position with hands in hapchang. When bowing it is
correct form, to keep your head down. The standing bow is used when
greeting teachers, when entering or leaving the Dharma Room, before
sitting on your cushion in the Dharma Room, and when passing out our
collecting the chanting books.
The half
standing bow is performed by standing with hands held in hapchang,
and bending the body 45° but keeping the hands up, in same position
relative to the chest, and then return to standing position. The
half standing bow is used when greeting lay people, friend to
friend. This bow is also the reception bow which is used by a Zen
Master or Jido Pŏpsa-nim.
The
sitting bow is performed while sitting with hands in hapchang and
bent forward from the waist, keeping the back curved and head down.
Next, dropping the hands forward (in hapchang) to your crossed legs,
and then siting up with the hands still in hapchang. Sitting bows
are used at the beginning and end of chants, before standing up
during meditation, at the end of meditation, and before and after
being hit with the stick during meditation.
The full
prostrationis performed while starting from standing position, with
the hands in hapchang. Then keeping your back straight and knees
together, bend the knees until you are sitting on your heels,
continue with toes turned under, bend forward on both hands and
knees. This is done while keeping the trunk of the body parallel to
the floor, and lower the body to the floor in a crouching position.
The toes are out straight with the left big toe over the right. Then
touch your forehead and hands to the floor and rotating the palms
90° towards the ceiling, keeping them shoulder-width apart and near
the ears with the forearms touching the floor. Come up by swinging
forward again onto the hands and knees, then back onto the heels
with the toes tucked under, and swinging to a standing position
using the strength of the legs. If one cannot swing up by the
strength of the legs alone, use one hand on the floor to push off
and keep the other in the hapchang position. When perfoming one
prostration, always start and end with a standing bow; when doing
more than one, always execute a standing bow at the beginning and
end of the series.
The half
prostration is performed when the head is already on the floor
during a full prostration, by rising to a kneeling position with the
toes still crossed rather than tucking the toes under the feet, and
then returning back down, with the forehead touching the floor as in
a prostration. Afterwards rising to a standing position as in a full
prostration. At the end of a series of prostrations, a half
prostration is always done. The following series is used-one
prostration (a standing bow, a full prostration, and a standing
bow)-when greeting the Zen Master after a short absence, when
greeting the Zen Master each time before formal practice, when
greeting the Abbot of the temple, and Jido Pŏpsa-nims after a long
absence.
The use
of three prostrations (a standing bow, three full prostrations, one
half prostrations, and a standing bow)-takes place when greeting the
Zen Master after a long absence, bowing to the Buddha when leaving
the Sangha for an extended period or returning to the Sangha after
an extended absence, and bowing to the Buddha at other temples when
visiting. Finally the 108 prostrations (a standing bow, 108 full
prostrations, one half prostration-and a standing bow)- is performed
every day usually in the morning and more often by people doing
special practice. This is always done facing the center of the
Dharma Room.
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